Early medieval fortified settlements at Kałdus and Płutowo (Chełmno land, northern Poland) - places of plant invasion and refuges

Abstract

This study presents the results of research conducted at two early-medieval fortified settlements situated on the border of Wysoczyzna Chełmińska (Chełmińska Upland) and neighbouring areas. Phytosociological surveys were performed on site and compared with literature data concerning analogous plant communities from less synanthropised areas. The influence of ancient colonisation on expansion and survival of steppe relicts was underscored. The Kałdus settlement was presented as a place of refuge for plants connected with ancient colonisation, and a place to which some of the neighbouring steppe relics arrived. The Płutowo settlement was included to demonstrate the natural process of forest regeneration in anthropogenic habitats.