Charakter prawny uchwał organów spółek kapitałowych a ich zaskarżalność w świetle przepisów polskiego prawa

Abstract

Przedmiotem artykułu jest analiza zaskarżalności uchwał rady nadzorczej w ujęciu systemowym, a więc z uwzględnieniem odniesień do zaskarżania uchwał innych organów, w szczególności ze względu na ich przedmiot. Istotnym elementem rozważań jest relacja kodeksu cywilnego do kodeksu spółek handlowych.

The subject of this article is an analysis of the functioning models of the claimability of the resolutions of the bodies of companies in terms of the connection of these models with the legal nature of these resolutions. In the case of resolutions of shareholders meet-ings of companies, the provisions of the Code of Commercial Companies and Partner-ships provide for a judicial review of each resolution adopted by that body. A different situation occurs in the case of resolutions of supervisory boards of companies, for which no procedure for pursuing legal actions against them is provided for in the CCC&P. The doctrine and the case law assume that, as a consequence of the application of the prin-ciple of unity of civil law, these resolutions can be challenged in court, as can invalid legal transactions. In this case, therefore, the legal nature of the resolution, and thus the determination that it is a legal transaction is crucial for the possibility of its challenging in court.