REPOSITORY
THE NICOLAUS COPERNICUS UNIVERSITY
IN TORUŃ
is an institutional repository of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń. The task of the Repository is to promote scientific achievements and research conducted at NCU and to support teaching.
Recent Submissions
Strong wind occurrence in Poland from the 13th to 16th centuries based on documentary evidence
(European Geosciences Union, 2025-09-04) Przybylak, Rajmund; Araźny, Andrzej; Filipiak, Janusz; Oliński, Piotr; Wyszyński, Przemysław; Szwaba, Artur
A comprehensive database of strong winds up until AD 1600 was created based on documentary evidence for the area within the modern-day borders of Poland. Three types of documentary sources were used: handwritten and unpublished, published, and “secondary” literature. The database contains detailed information about occurrences of strong wind (the location/region, time, duration and indexation for intensity, extent and character of damage), along with the exact textual content of the original weather note, the name of the source, and an evaluation of the source's quality. Five categories of strong winds were delimited: 1 – fresh and strong breeze (Beaufort scale 5–7); 2 – gale (8–9); 3 – storm (10–12); 4 – squall (i.e. gusty wind during a thunderstorm); and 5 – tornadoes. The intensity, extent, and character of damage were estimated based on the proposition given by Brázdil et al. (2004), which we slightly modified to include the Baltic Sea and its influence on coastal parts. In the database, 137 thus-defined strong winds were identified. A reliable estimate of some characteristics of the occurrence of strong winds in Poland seems possible from the mid-15th century onwards. The highest number of strong winds occurred in the second half of the 16th century, with a maximum in the 1570s. For each season, the greatest number of strong winds was found for the Baltic Coast and Pomeranian Region, followed by Silesia and Lesser Poland. Storms and gales were most common during the cold half-year (mainly in March, November, and December).
Antarctica and US policy: a strategic evolution amid global shifts
(Cambridge University Press, 2025-09-03) Szpak, Agnieszka
This article explores the evolution of US policy on Antarctica, focusing on its legal, environmental and geopolitical aspects. It aims to identify
changing US priorities in this regard.The Antarctic Treaty System (ATS) governs the region, emphasizing peace, scientific cooperation and
environmental protection. The USA has issued four major memoranda on Antarctica in 1982, 1994, 2020 and 2024. This article highlights
growing geopolitical competition, particularly with China and Russia. China frames Antarctica as essential to its global rise, using dualpurpose
technologies that blur the line between science and strategic military interests. Similarly, Russia’s activities in the region raise concerns
about potential violations of the ATS’s peaceful purpose mandate.The USA maintains its leadership in Antarctic diplomacy, advocating for
environmental preservation and scientific cooperation. This article concludes by emphasizing the need for international collaboration to
address climate change, resource exploitation and rising strategic tensions, ensuring Antarctica remains a region dedicated to peace and
science.
Wyniki analizy makroskopowych szczątków roślinnych ze stanowiska nr 18 w miejscowości Chrystkowo, gm. Świecie, woj. kujawsko-pomorskie
(2025-07-02) Kofel-Lubczyńska, Dominika
Sprawozdanie prezentuje wyniki analiz archeobotanicznych prób glebowych pozyskanych podczas prac wykopaliskowych na pradziejowym stanowisku nr 18 w miejscowości Chrystkowo, gm. Świecie, woj. kujawsko-pomorskie
Scoring Health Behaviors of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
(MDPI, 2024-10-08) Jaworska-Czerwińska, Aleksandra Lidia; Oliwa-Libumska, Katarzyna; Lewicka, Marta; Żuratyński, Przemysław
Background and Objectives: Millions of people worldwide suffer from diabetes. The ever-increasing number of patients poses a huge challenge to healthcare systems. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the lifestyle and self-monitoring of type 2 diabetes patients using the Healthy Lifestyle and Self-Monitoring Questionnaire. Material and Methods: The analyses conducted were based on data collected using the Polish version of the Healthy Lifestyle and Self-Control Questionnaire among 104 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes who were treated at the Diabetes Outpatient Clinic. The in-house study also included an analysis of the relationship between lifestyle habits and disease acceptance and chronic disease functioning. Results: Respondents scored statistically significantly higher for the Healthy Lifestyle and Self-Monitoring Questionnaire than the norms assume, and the largest differences were observed in terms of the healthy dietary choices subscale (t = 8.07; p < 0.05). Only for the subscale of organized exercise were no statistically significant differences found (t = 0.50; p = 0.620). Conclusions: Type 2 diabetes is one of the diseases in which lifestyle not only contributes to its development but is also associated with its course and treatment outcomes. Reinforcing a health-promoting lifestyle is one of the cornerstones of treating patients with type 2 diabetes.
Wyniki analizy archeobotnicznej materiałów pozyskanych ze stanowiska nr 3 w miejscowości Równina Dolna, woj. warmińsko-mazurskie
(2024-12-20) Kofel-Lubczyńska, Dominika
Sprawozdanie prezentuje wyniki analiz archeobotanicznych polepy pozyskanej ze stanowiska nr 3 w miejscowości Równina Dolna, woj. warmińsko-mazurskie