Prawo, Przepis, Tora - przekład nazw świętych ksiąg w polskich translacjach biblijnych i koranicznych

Abstract

The aim of this article is to show Biblical and Koranic translations of the names of the sacred books such as Law, Rule, Torah. They are selected lexemes from the semantic field of the names of Christian and Muslim books present on the Koran and Bible pages. Other names from the law area are: Decree, Proof, Admonition, Judgment, Warning, Safeguard, Settlement and Judge. Also, the author searches for the answers of the questions: was the process of translation of the sacred book of Islam patterned on the Biblical translations or were semantic equivalents searched for in general Polish (from this it follows that an indication of the history of these lexemes could be found in the Polish language)? Were there also other manners of rendering the specific meaning of Muslim terminology in the translated texts? It was stated that in the Polish translations of the Koran and the Bible one can distinguish four main methods of rendering the proper names as well as the appealing ones: 1. Translocation (transferring the name in the foreign form as a quotation). 2. Transforming into Slavonic (borrowing the form and the meaning of the word and the adaptation into the grammar and lexical system of Slavonic languages, including Polish language). 3. Translation (searching for Polish semantic equivalents). 4. Creating neologisms or neosemantisms.