Can a Nonorganometallic Ruthenium(II) Polypyridylamine Complex Catalyze Hydride Transfer? Mechanistic Insight from Solution Kinetics on the Reduction of Coenzyme NAD+ by Formate

Abstract

Application of organometallic ruthenium(II) arene complexes has been successful for the modulation of cellular redox processes via their interaction with species such as formate to control the NAD+/NADH balance in cells. Here we present the first evidence that similar effects can be reached with the application of a nonorganometallic ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complex. Kinetic studies performed demonstrate the ability of [RuII(terpy)(en)(H2O/EtOH)]2+ in water/ethanol (1:9, v/v) solution, where terpy = 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine and en = ethylenediamine, to catalyze the reduction of the NAD+ coenzyme to NADH in the presence of formate as hydride transfer source. In this case, terpy instead of arene is responsible for the labilization of coordinated solvent. The suggested catalytic cycle begins with the fast anation of the [RuII(terpy)(en)(H2O/EtOH)]2+ complex by formate. This is followed by the rate-determining formate-catalyzed decarboxylation of the generated ruthenium(II) formato complex to form [RuII(terpy)(en)H]+. Rapid hydride transfer to NAD+ from [RuII(terpy)(en)H]+ to form NADH and to regenerate the starting ruthenium(II) solvato complex, closes the overall catalytic cycle.