Polymorphism of the glutathione S-transferases in prostate cancer

Abstract

Prostate cancer occurs more and more frequently in men over 50 years of age. Its etiology is still unclear, despite numerous studies of its main risk factors. Scientists discovered, that it is genetically and environmentally determined. Recent publications suggest the role of S-glutathione transferases (GSTs) in modulation of prostate cancer risk. Numerous studies try to reveal the role of three the best known genetic variants, GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1. Glutathione S-transferases as a multi-family of metabolic enzymes of the II-phase, are responsible for detoxification of various, potentially carcinogenic compounds. Deficiencies or changed activity of the enzymes, may increase the risk of mutation. The GSTs could be important in the etiology of cancers, including prostate cancer. Numerous study suggest the influence of GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 polimorphisms on susceptibility to prostate cancer, while others, exclude such correlation. Therefore determining the significance of these genetic variants in prostate cancer should be the subject of further extensive research.