Społeczność muzułmanów w Niemczech

Abstract

The goal of this article is primarily to present modern challenges of Muslim community in Germany and their diversity and interdependence with the modern trends of Islamic social and political thought. Muslims in Germany are a young and very diverse community in terms of ethnic, social and religious, but still Turks are predominant population. On the one hand, German Muslims are the descendants of temporary workers, who came mainly from Turkey, Morocco, Tunisia and former yugoslavia. On the other hands this community has its origins in political exile and refugee from Palestine, Afghanistan, Bosnia, Egypt, Iraq or Iran. According to this we can see among this community formal and less formal links with external centers such as Iran, Turkey and Saudi Arabia, which has the impact on different groups and also on the level of integration of this community with German society. In the context of religious diversity in Germany, we distinguish groups such as Sunnis (majority), small group of Shia mostly from Iran and some members of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community from Pakistan and Alevis. Recent research of the Ministry of the Interior suggest that in Germany there are about 4 million Muslims, not as it was estimated previous about 3 million. The results of this study also show that the correlation between the confession of Islam and the integration is not so obvious. Simultaneously, the public law about religious community in Germany enforces a high level of institutionalization of Islam. Since the early 80’s, along with the second generation Muslim immigrants educated in German schools, reinforcing the tendency to organizing. After this process Islam has become a visible religion in Germany. Most recognized organization are Türkisch-Islamische Union der Anstalt für Religion e. V. (DİTİB) through 44% of Muslims researched in 2009, then are specified Zentralrat der Muslime in Deutschland by 27% repospondents, Verband der Islamischen Kulturzentren – 25% and Alevitische Gemeinde Deutschland 27%. Although there are many different organizations and associations we can still describe Muslim Community in German as a community at a low level of institutionalization. We can observe also a process of the social integration of Muslim and some effects of the integration policy conducted by the German government but sill we can find as well some examples of the Islamophobia in German Society.