Ślady gospodarki roślinno-zwierzęcej ludności kultury łużyckich pól popielnicowych z osady w Rudzie, gmina Grudziądz, północna Polska

Abstract

Site 3–6 in Ruda, Grudziądz district, is situated in southern part of the Grudziądz Basin, just at the foot of the brink of Vistula Valley, on the flat, vast headland, sloping towards the river. The Motorway Investigations Team at the Institute of Archaeology Nicolas Copernic University, during their research in years 2000–2002, found some evidence of settlement that had existed there in the later Bronze Age and the early Iron Age. The site of the Lusatian Urnfield Culture included remains of homesteads composed of dwellings of different purpose as well as pits of various functions. Archaeological material from the site is represented by abundant set of ceramic dishes fragments, dishes and ornaments of bronze and first found in Chełmno Land metallurgical clay casting moulds as well as tools of stone and flint. Numerous and diverse set of collected plants, cereals, weeds and carbonised remains of various timber species have been discovered in number of pits. Pieces of domestic and wild animal bones and mollusc shells represent are also known from the site. The use of animals and plants is represented by biogenic materials discovered in cultural layers. Soil samples, analysed with regard to phosphorus content, present diverse values of that element in pits. Archaeological finds together botanical and zoological evidence provide a unique opportunity for interpretation of economy, spatial settlement organisation and farming characteristic for the Lusatian Urnfield Culture communities.