Wybrane zagadnienia z analizy historycznej i społeczno-ekonomicznej Bornego Sulinowa

Abstract

SOM E PROBLEMS IN THE HISTORICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC ANAL YSIS OF A NEW TOWN BORNE SULINOWO Summary

Borne Sulinowo is a very young town in the administration and legal sense, for it received its urban status on 15 September 1993. This settlement belonged to the group of secret - military (closed) settlement units until recently (Fig. l). In November 1992 it was transferred to the Polish military authorities by the Russian army and in June 1993 to the civil-administration authorities. From the demographic and urbanistic point of view this settlement has a long history (since it was founded in 1587). The period of coexistence of the remaining urbanistic tissues with the new, young demographic contents until the forming of a different town is especially interesting. The coming into existence of a "new town" can manifest itself in various forms and levels and this newly created town is a good ex ample of that. In the case of Borne Sulinowo it manifests itself among others in spatial structure changes (a resolute functional-spatial reconstruction took place), in social and demographic changes, in the arising of a new urban community. The presented statements come from a social and economic survey of the establishment processes in Borne Sulinowo. The questionnaire investigations were carried out in autumn 1993 and in May 1994. They concerned demographic questions, the perception of the town by its residents and the problem ofthe urban community formation. In this field the present work is the first to try to answer the question if in the .Forest Town" (Borne Sulinowo) we can already talk about an urban community or only about the inhabitants of the town. Altogether 250 adults were included in the inquiry. The town has 1020 inhabitants at present (officially registered, May 1994 - Fig. 2). The town is inhabited by people from the whole of Poland (from 36 voivodeships), but the majority of immigrants are so-called "local ", Pomeranian (west-Porneranian, nota bene in most cases they were repatriates from the USSR). Nearly 50% of the immigrants come from Koszalin county (voivodeship), 7.2% from Piła, 6.5% from Szczecin, 4.7% from Wrocław and 5% from Katowice. This fact should be especially emphasised because it elucidates the diverse picture of life, system of values, formation anew of the whole system of social connections (formation of a new local society - the problem of social integration). Integration is defined as a process or complex of mutually dependent changes in the sphere of the values and norms accepted by the community members as well as the observation of these values and norms and their perception of the execution of tasks and the internal organisation as being the basis for the proper functioning of the town, contacts and social relations between inhabitants and their groups, as well as of their consciousness based and emotional ties with the place of living. The inhabitants of the town have been asked, among other things about: the reasons for settlement in Borne Sulinowo, the kind of registration (permanent or temporary), the degree of their contentment with the choice of place to live, their problem s in everyday life, etc. The investigations included 54% of the adult population (older than 18) of the town. It follows from the answers that 55.7% of the questioned came to the town for housing reasons, 21.5% for ecological, 11.4% for economical, 8.1 % for family and 3.3% for other reasons (Fig. 3). The analysis of the social-demographic structure of the inhabitants of Borne Sulinowo indicates the appearance of three basic social groups: .local" Pomeranians coming from Koszalin, Słupsk, Piła voivodeships, that is migrants from the neighbouring counties; migrants who have arrived from Silesia; and people from the rest of Poland. This general division has been consolidated in the inhabitants' consciousness, too. Practically a substantial differentiation of the migrants occurs depending on their geographic provenance, environment, and the time they have already spent in Borne Sulinowo. The development of the town, changes in its character and function, the growing inflow of new inhabitants from the whole country leads to the formations of a new collectivity, the urban community of Borne Sulinowo. Its formation from heterogeneous groups (differing from each other in origin, traditions, experiences, habits, etc.) takes place in changed conditions, for each of the collectivities. The question of a new community formation - social integration has been examined in different aspects - cultural, functional, normative, communicative and emotional.

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