Współczesne podziały biopolityczne w świetle sporu wokół doskonalenia człowieka
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Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Studiów Politycznych. Collegium Civitas.
Abstract
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie mapy współczesnych sporów
biopolitycznych w kontekście kontrowersji pomiędzy transhumanistami
a biokonserwatystami (etykietkowanymi także pejoratywnie
jako bioluddyści). W artykule jako zasadniczy obszar walki biopolitycznej wskazaliśmy
spór i podział zachodzący pomiędzy biokonserwatystami
a transhumanistami, który w swym rdzeniu skupia się na problematyce
doskonalenia człowieka. Przybliżenie argumentacji, pojawiającej
się w ramach tej debaty, ma na celu wskazanie problemów, które
mają charakter nowatorski i nie występowały wcześniej w ramach
dziedziny nauk politycznych lub występowały w odmiennej formie.
Zarysowane tu zagadnienia stanowią punkt wyjścia do dalszych badań
i bardziej szczegółowych analiz – studium niniejsze dostarczyło
dla nich punktu wyjścia, zwłaszcza w obszarze polskojęzycznej literatury
przedmiotu.
The aim of the article is to characterise biopolitics in the context of the controversy surrounding human enhancement. A diagram created by James Hughes is brought into play in order to depict the particular nature of contemporary political divides following the emergence of the biopolitical sphere. The dispute between the transhumanists and the bioconservatives relating, in essence, to the issue of the modifi cation of human nature is best grasped as exemplifi ed by the debate surrounding the problem of human enhancement. The analysis is based on three points which, to a large extent, determine the form of the dispute, namely, the assumption of extreme connectedness, the precantionary principle and the category of distributive justice in the biopolitical perspective. An explicit emphasis is placed on the fact that the problems which emerge in the debate differ from classical political issues and demand a redefi nition of the concepts fundamental to the human condition. The consequences of this change are of crucial signifi cance to the resolution of questions emerging in both the public sphere and legislation.
The aim of the article is to characterise biopolitics in the context of the controversy surrounding human enhancement. A diagram created by James Hughes is brought into play in order to depict the particular nature of contemporary political divides following the emergence of the biopolitical sphere. The dispute between the transhumanists and the bioconservatives relating, in essence, to the issue of the modifi cation of human nature is best grasped as exemplifi ed by the debate surrounding the problem of human enhancement. The analysis is based on three points which, to a large extent, determine the form of the dispute, namely, the assumption of extreme connectedness, the precantionary principle and the category of distributive justice in the biopolitical perspective. An explicit emphasis is placed on the fact that the problems which emerge in the debate differ from classical political issues and demand a redefi nition of the concepts fundamental to the human condition. The consequences of this change are of crucial signifi cance to the resolution of questions emerging in both the public sphere and legislation.
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Keywords
biokonserwatyzm, bioetyka, biopolityka, transhumanizm, doskonalenie człowieka, bioluddyzm, transhumanism, bio-luddites, bioconservatism, bioethics, biopolitics, human enhancement
Citation
Studia Polityczne nr 31, 2013, ss. 175-189.
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Except where otherwised noted, this item's license is described as Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Poland